The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Botany Bay \Bot"a*ny Bay"\
   A harbor on the east coast of Australia, and an English
   convict settlement there; -- so called from the number of new
   plants found on its shore at its discovery by Cook in 1770.
   [1913 Webster]

   Note: Hence, any place to which desperadoes resort.
         [1913 Webster]

   Botany Bay kino (Med.), an astringent, reddish substance
      consisting of the inspissated juice of several Australian
      species of Eucalyptus.

   Botany Bay resin (Med.), a resin of reddish yellow color,
      resembling gamboge, the product of different Australian
      species of Xanthorrh[ae]a, esp. the grass tree
      (Xanthorrh[ae]a hastilis).
      [1913 Webster]